The Human body is a work of art. Our immune system is a powerful, beautiful, and resilient machine that silently protects us every day. What is an immune system? Immune…

A hormone can be defined as ‘‘a substance that originates in an organ, gland or part and is conveyed through the blood to another part of the body, stimulating it…

The cornerstone of most molecular biology technologies is the gene. Basic to all biotechnology research is the ability to manipulate DNA. To facilitate the study of genes, they can be…

The large complex molecules referred to as proteins, hold a very vital position in the organisms. They are the prime performer in the cells of the bodies and are therefore…

The term genetic engineering was first coined by Jack Williamson in his science fiction novel Dragons Island, published in 1951. From the 1980s to the late 1990s, Germany was among…

Nanoparticles types have touched almost every sphere of the global market with involvement in various industries ranging from cosmetics and healthcare to preservation of the environment and purification of air.…

Drug discovery process and development have a long history since the early days of human civilization. In ancient times, drugs were used for physical remedies and also associated with religious…

The development of vaccines and vaccine types is one of the most significant medical accomplishments which has helped to eradicate a large number of diseases. It has undergone an evolutionary…

Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions taking place within living cells without themselves undergoing any overall change. Enzymes play vital roles in biological systems by…

The preparation of pharmaceutical tablet is based on the judicious choice of the ingredients and their owners: the drug substance, the excipients, the auxiliary substances and the packaging containers, as…